Exploring Quantum Systems on the Nanoscale
The functionality of almost every electronic or optoelectronic device used today is based on quantum mechanical principles. However, some of the very unique properties of quantum mechanics such as superposition, i.e. objects are in different states at the same time, or entanglement of two quantum mechanical states are not used in mainstream technology, yet. The emerging technology of quantum computing and quantum communication particularly makes use of these phenomena and by that offers novel approaches in solve problems which are literally unsolvable by classical computers or ensuring inherently secure data transmission.
DAll these concepts rely on nanostructured devices and often also on novel materials. In order to implement quantum bit, the unit of information in a quantum computer, the spin information of a single electron in a quantum dot structure can be used. These quantum dots can be realized in semiconductor nanowires. Semiconductor nanostructures can also be employed to emit single photons required for optical quantum communication. Last but not least, the options for devices in quantum systems have been vastly enhanced by the emergence of novel materials such as topological insulators or truly two-dimensional materials.
Schematic illustration of a semiconductor nanowire with top gate electrodes
Copyright: Sebastian Heedt
